Wednesday, August 8, 2012

Pathophysiology - Dementia

Dementia
  • Dementia is a syndrome characterized by loss of intellectual abilities to such an extent that social and occupational functioning is interfered with; involves memory, judgment, abstract thought, and changes in personality. Often, the disorders are progressive and follow an irreversible course in which the damage remains permanent.
Diagnostic Criteria: Dementia
  • Loss of intellectual abilities that interfere with social and occupational functioning
  • Memory impairment
  • Impairment in abstract thinking, judgment, and language
  • Personality changed demonstrated by exaggeration of previous personality traits
  • Additional characteristics: anxiety or depression may be apparent; behaviour may demonstrate excessive orderliness, social or withdrawal, or the tendency to relate an event in excessive detail, age at onset: found predominantly in the elderly
Etiologic Factors: Dementia
  • Neurological diseases – huntington’s chorea, parkinson’s disease
  • Cardiovascular disorders causing anoxia and brain damage: Cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebro vascular disease, stroke
  • Brain trauma – chronic subdural hematoma
  • Toxic metabolic disturbance: pernicious anemia, hypothyroidism, bromide intoxication
  • Loss of brain tissue and function in pre-senile conditions: Alzheimer’s disease
  • Alteration of intracranial pressure

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