Classification
- Community Acquired – used to describe infections found in the community rather than the hospital/nursing home. Defined as an infection that begins outside the hospital or is diagnosed 48 hours after admission to the hospital in a person who has not resided in a long term facility for 14 days or more before admission
- Hospital Acquired or Nosocomial – is defined as a lower respiratory tract infection that was not present or incubating on admission to the hospital. Increase risk for those with mechanical ventilation, compromised immune function, chronic lung disease and airway instrumentation such as e-tube, tracheostomy, etc.
Types According to Causative Agent
1. Gram Positive Bacteria
- Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcal pneumonia)
- most common cause of community acquired pneumonia.
- follows influenza I situations in which groups of people live in close contact
- rust colored sputum, blood tinged, purulent
- Staphylococcus aureus
- acquired thru blood or by aspiration
- creamy yellow sputum
