Causes
- Trauma
- Retinal degeneration
- Tumor in the eye
- Haemorrhage
- Cataract surgery
- Myopia
Signs and Symptoms
- Painless blurring of vision
- Shadows falling across the visual field
- Floating spots
- Flashes of lights before the eyes
Diagnostic study
- Opthalmoscopic examination
Management
- Provide bed rest
- Cover both eyes
- Speak before approaching
- Position head as prescribed
- Protect from injury
Surgical procedures
- Cryosurgery – a supercooled probe is touched to the sclera causing minimal damage, as a result of scarring, the pigment epithelium adheres to the retina.
- Photocoagulation – a light beam is passed through the pupil, causing a small burn and producing exudate between the pigment epithelium and retina
- Electrodiathermy - an electrode is passed through the sclera to allow subretinal fluid to escape. An exudate forms from the pigment epithelium and adheres to the retina
- Scleral buckling – a technique whereby the sclera is shortened to allow a buckling to occur, which forces the pigment epithelium closer to the retina
Post-Op Nursing Management
- Bilateral eyepatch
- Bed rest for 1-2 days
- Expect redness and swelling of the lids and conjunctiva
- Monitor for haemorrhage
- Monitor intra ocular pressure (IOP) for the first 24 hours
- Encourage deep breathing but not coughing
- Limit reading for 3-5 weeks
- Wear dark glasses during the day
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