- may be benign or malignant, can form in or metastasize to the eye
- Retinoblastoma – a congenital malignant neoplasm found in children
- Spreads easily by extension to the brain or bone marrow
- Melanoma – common in the iris and choroid
- Grows slowly but metastasizes to the liver and lungs
Signs and Symptoms
- Subjective
- Headache
- Visual complaints
- Objective
- Decreased vision
- Increased intra ocular pressure
- White pupils
- Strabismus – in retinoblastoma
Treatment
- Chemotherapy – such as cyclophosphamide, vincristine, carbotin
- Radiation therapy – has significant consequences such as cataracts, chronic dry eye
- Enucleation – surgical removal of the eye
Nursing Management
- Support the client and significant others as they attempt to cope up with the disease
- Observe for side effects of medical therapy and attempt to limit their effects
- Provide care for the client who had undergone enucleation
- Maintain pressure dressings on the eye for 1 or 2 days to minimize hemorrhage
- Explain that artificial eye may be inserted when healing is complete, usually 1 to 2 months
- Instruct the client about the care of the eye socket and prosthesis with warm water and saline
- Support natural defense mechanism, encourage intake of nutrient dense foods and vitamin A, C, E, as well as protein.
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